See lem in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"2": "elm"
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{
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"2": "sga",
"3": "lem"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish lem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*limos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *limos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁élem",
"t": "mountain elm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish lem, from Proto-Celtic *limos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lim",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
}
],
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"11": "",
"12": "",
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"14": "",
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"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "lim",
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"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lem m (genitive lim)",
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},
"expansion": "lem m (genitive lim)",
"name": "mga-noun"
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],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
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{
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{
"_dis": "1 1 3 2 93",
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"name": "Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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}
],
"glosses": [
"elm tree"
],
"id": "en-lem-mga-noun-YcVYv~DS",
"links": [
[
"elm",
"elm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lemán"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l͈ʲeβ̃/"
}
],
"word": "lem"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "leamh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: leamh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: leamh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "leamh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: leamh",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: leamh"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "soft"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃lemH-",
"t": "weak, broken, soft"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lem",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "adjective"
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"expansion": "lem",
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],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"soft, tender"
],
"id": "en-lem-mga-adj-XckO1c52",
"links": [
[
"soft",
"soft"
],
[
"tender",
"tender"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weak, powerless"
],
"id": "en-lem-mga-adj-Mwx0yBkK",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
],
[
"powerless",
"powerless"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"impotent (in sexual sense)"
],
"id": "en-lem-mga-adj-IWaLly9F",
"links": [
[
"impotent",
"impotent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"foolish, worthless"
],
"id": "en-lem-mga-adj-JlnEewax",
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l͈ʲeβ̃/"
}
],
"word": "lem"
}
{
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"Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Irish lemmas",
"Middle Irish masculine nouns",
"Middle Irish nouns",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms borrowed from Thai",
"White Hmong terms derived from Thai",
"White Hmong verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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"2": "elm"
},
"expansion": "",
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},
{
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"1": "mga",
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"3": "lem"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish lem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*limos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *limos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁élem",
"t": "mountain elm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish lem, from Proto-Celtic *limos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lim",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
}
],
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{
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"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
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"15": "",
"16": "",
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"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "lim",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
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"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lem m (genitive lim)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lim"
},
"expansion": "lem m (genitive lim)",
"name": "mga-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"elm tree"
],
"links": [
[
"elm",
"elm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lemán"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l͈ʲeβ̃/"
}
],
"word": "lem"
}
{
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"Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Irish lemmas",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms borrowed from Thai",
"White Hmong terms derived from Thai",
"White Hmong verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "leamh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: leamh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: leamh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "leamh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: leamh",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: leamh"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
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"1": "mga",
"2": "soft"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃lemH-",
"t": "weak, broken, soft"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lem",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "lem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"soft, tender"
],
"links": [
[
"soft",
"soft"
],
[
"tender",
"tender"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weak, powerless"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
],
[
"powerless",
"powerless"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"impotent (in sexual sense)"
],
"links": [
[
"impotent",
"impotent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"foolish, worthless"
],
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l͈ʲeβ̃/"
}
],
"word": "lem"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lem meaning in Middle Irish (3.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: lem/Middle Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"lem"
],
"section": "Middle Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "lem",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"lem"
],
"section": "Middle Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "lem",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"lem"
],
"section": "Middle Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "lem",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.